16 research outputs found

    Onset of word form recognition in English, Welsh, and English-Welsh bilingual infants

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    Children raised in the home as English or Welsh monolinguals or English–Welsh bilinguals were tested on untrained word form recognition using both behavioral and neurophysiological procedures. Behavioral measures confirmed the onset of a familiarity effect at 11 months in English but failed to identify it in monolingual Welsh infants between 9 and 12 months. In the neurophysiological procedure the familiarity effect was detected as early as 10 months in English but did not reach significance in monolingual Welsh. Bilingual children showed word form familiarity effects by 11 months in both languages and also revealed an online time course for word recognition that combined effects found for monolingual English and Welsh. To account for the findings, accentual, grammatical, and sociolinguistic differences between English and Welsh are considered

    Linguistic Advance and Cognitive Style in Language Acquisition

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    Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 386-40

    The sources of phonological knowledge: a cross-linguistic perspective

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    Les données expérimentales, obtenues pour des enfants apprenant des langues cibles différentes, se caractérisent par des similitudes et des différences. Elles montrent également une continuité entre la perception de la parole et les premières vocalisations. Ceci invite à considérer que la mise en relation précoce entre les formes du babillage et les formes des mots entendus est à la base des premières unités produites qui au départ sont structurellement très limitées mais relativement correctes. C’est cette conception que nous retenons pour rendre compte aussi bien des similarités que des différences dans la forme des premiers mots produits pour des langues cibles différentes. Des mesures de la durée de consonnes médiales dans la parole adulte et dans les mots des enfants dans des langues où la longueur consonantique a une valeur phonologique vs phonétique différente permettent d’établir que la mise en place des représentations phonologiques repose sur (1) l’apprentissage direct de fréquences de distribution et (2) l’apprentissage du lexique, qui suffit à expliquer le développement des contrastes phonologiques pertinents pour chaque langue-cible. Selon nous, les systèmes complémentaires de mémoire implicite et explicite permettent de rendre compte des deux types d’apprentissage. Nous défendons donc le point de vue selon lequel une exposition régulière à l’environnement linguistique suffit pour expliquer la construction de la connaissance phonologique sans avoir recours à une connaissance linguistique innée ni de la Grammaire Universelle.Early word production profiles for children learning different languages reflect both similarities and differences. Experimental evidence of a link between speech perception and vocal production supports the idea that a match between the child’s own babbling forms and input speech is the source of the constrained but relatively accurate first word forms, a point of similarity across language groups. Measurements of the duration of medial consonants in adult speech and in the early words of children exposed to languages differing in their phonetic and/or phonological treatment of consonantal length make it possible to distinguish between (1) direct learning of distributional frequencies and (2) lexical learning, which alone can account for the emergence of language-specific phonological contrasts and cross-linguistic differences in phonological patterning. It is argued that complementary implicit and explicit memory systems are sufficient to account for both of these kinds of learning, affecting the initial registering and later retrieval of phonological patterns and the establishment of lexical representations as well as the development of motoric routines and the matching of those routines to input speech. These learning mechanisms are thus able to account for the construction of phonological knowledge, given adequate exposure to an ambient language, with no need to posit innate linguistic knowledge or Universal Grammar

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    Individual Differences in Phonological Development

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